John McCarthy
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Alan Turing
British mathematician who published "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in 1950, proposing what became known as the Turing Test. Widely considered one of the founders of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Marvin Minsky
Co-founder of the MIT AI Laboratory and one of the most influential figures in AI history. His 1969 book "Perceptrons" (with Seymour Papert) inadvertently killed neural network research for over a decade by highlighting its limitations.
Claude Shannon
Known as the father of information theory. Co-organized the 1956 Dartmouth Workshop that gave AI its name.
Geoffrey Hinton
Often called the "Godfather of Deep Learning." Published key papers in 2006 on training deep neural networks and co-created AlexNet in 2012. His decades of work on neural networks, largely ignored during the AI winters, became the foundation of modern AI.
Fei-Fei Li
Stanford researcher who led the creation of ImageNet (2007-2009), a dataset of over 14 million labeled images. ImageNet became the proving ground for deep learning when AlexNet dominated its 2012 competition.
Arthur Samuel
IBM researcher who built one of the first programs that could learn from experience (a checkers player, 1952) and coined the term "machine learning."
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